What Is Preeclampsia? 

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy condition that can persist up to six weeks after birth,  affecting both mother and baby. It involves high blood pressure and potential organ damage.  Symptoms may include swelling, headaches, and vision changes, though some women show  none. Early detection and regular prenatal care are key. This blog explores its symptoms, causes & risk factors, emphasizing the importance of timely care. 

Cause of Preeclampsia 

Preeclampsia is caused by a combination of placental, vascular, immune and genetic factors. Its  exact cause is unclear, but research suggests poor placental implantation leads to reduced blood  flow and triggers inflammation. Abnormal blood vessels and restricted oxygen supply to the  baby send signals that raise the mother’s blood pressure. Contributing factors may include an  overactive immune system, poor nutrition, and limited uterine blood flow. 

What Increases the Risk of Preeclampsia? 

Here are some risk factors that can increase your chances of developing preeclampsia:

Major risk factors: 

• Previous history of preeclampsia 

• Chronic high blood pressure 

• Kidney disease 

• Obesity 

• Diabetes 

• Carrying twins, triplets, or more 

• Autoimmune conditions like lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome 

Additional risk factors: 

• First pregnancy 

• BMI over 30 

• Age over 35 (especially over 40) 

• Pregnancy through IVF 

• More than 10 years since your last pregnancy

• Complications in previous pregnancies 

• Family history of preeclampsia 

The Impact of Preeclampsia on Mother and Baby 

Preeclampsia can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby if left untreated. Its  severity ranges from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions. 

For the mother: 

• Eclampsia: Seizures that occur during pregnancy or shortly after delivery. • HELLP Syndrome: A dangerous disorder involving: 

H: Breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis) 

EL: Elevated liver enzymes signaling liver damage 

LP: Low platelet count affecting blood clotting 

• Stroke: High blood pressure can cause bleeding in the brain, leading to brain damage or  death. 

• Organ Damage: 

➢ Fluid buildup in lungs (pulmonary edema) affecting breathing 

➢ Kidney failure, causing toxin buildup 

➢ Liver failure, impairing vital functions 

• Blood Clotting Issues: A disorder called disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)  causes abnormal clotting or excessive bleeding, which can damage organs. 

For the Baby: 

• Restricted Growth: Limited oxygen and nutrients can slow fetal growth, leading to low  birth weight. 

• Preterm Birth: Early delivery may be necessary, increasing the risk of breathing problems  and developmental delays. 

• Stillbirth: In severe cases, preeclampsia can cause fetal death. 

Timely diagnosis & treatment are critical to prevent these serious outcomes for both mother  and child.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Preeclampsia 

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure and protein in the  urine, often indicating organ damage. Key symptoms include: 

• High blood pressure 

• Protein in the urine (proteinuria) 

• Severe or persistent headaches 

• Sudden swelling in hands, face or feet 

• Shortness of breath 

• Upper abdominal pain 

• Vision changes (blurred vision, spots, light sensitivity) 

• Nausea or vomiting after the first trimester 

• Dizziness or lightheadedness 

Prompt medical attention is essential if any of these symptoms appear. 

How is Preeclampsia Diagnosed? 

Preeclampsia is diagnosed through a combination of tests and monitoring to assess both  maternal and fetal health. Key diagnostic steps include: 

• Blood Pressure Monitoring 

• Urine Protein Estimation 

• Blood Tests like Double Marker with Preeclampsia & Kidney Function Test

• Fetal Monitoring 

Pre-eclampsia Screening at Medivision 

Medivision supports maternal and fetal health with accurate, early preeclampsia screening.  First-trimester tests help identify at-risk women, allowing timely care to protect the baby and  improve pregnancy outcomes. 

What Screening Involves: 

• Blood Test: Between 11 and 13 weeks + 6 days, blood tests measure free beta hCG,  PAPP-A, and PlGF—markers of placental health. Other tests may include uric acid,  hematocrit, platelet count, PTT, electrolytes and kidney & liver function tests to assess  preeclampsia risk. 

• Ultrasound Examination: In some cases, an ultrasound is done to assess blood flow in  the placenta.

• Comprehensive Evaluation: These test results are combined with your blood pressure  readings and family medical history to assess your overall risk. 

If early or mild signs of pre-eclampsia are suspected, additional blood tests may be performed  to monitor the condition more closely. 

Key Takeaway 

A preeclampsia diagnosis can be overwhelming, but with proper care and monitoring, most  women have healthy pregnancies. Staying informed, recognizing symptoms & seeking timely  medical attention are key. Keep in close contact with your healthcare provider & prioritize your  health throughout.