Every year, thousands of women across the world face a battle they never saw coming—a silent enemy that develops inside and is visible only when it's almost past the point of return. Gynecological cancers, like ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancer, rarely show any early symptoms. Early detection of gynecological cancer increases survival rates and significantly improves the quality of life. Global awareness is the only way to defeat the silent killer.

What is gynecological cancer?

Gynecological cancers are a category of tumors that impact the female reproductive system. The ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva are just a few of the reproductive organs where these malignancies can develop. Despite the recent advances in medical research, gynecological cancers continue to be a global threat.

• Ovarian Cancer: The most common type which goes undiagnosed until it progresses to an advanced stage
• Endometrial cancer: It starts with the lining of the uterus and progresses further.
• Cervical cancer: Develops in the cervix, commonly caused by the infection of the human papillomavirus.

Symptoms & Risk Factors:

Almost all the symptoms of gynecological cancer can easily be confused with less serious issues like infections or menstrual irregularities. You should consult your gynecologist if you notice anything unusual. Doctors through various evaluations can identify the root cause and prevent symptoms from getting worse.

Each type of gynecological cancer has its own set of warning signs, but some common symptoms across different types include:

•  Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
• Burning or itching around the vulva
• Changes in bathroom habits.
• Changes in the vulva, such as rashes, sores, or warts
• Pain in the back, stomach, or pelvis, with pressure or bloating.

If you experience any of these symptoms, don't hesitate to get checked out—it could make all the difference.

Role of early detection

Knowing your risks for gynecologic cancer is very important, as is undergoing the recommended testing, screening, and vaccines that are available for prevention.

Pap Tests: The pap test is known as the most prominent cervical cancer screening tool, especially when combined with HPV testing. Pap tests and HPV testing can lead to the detection of precancerous changes in the cervix before they become a cancer.

• For women 21 to 29, Pap tests are recommended every three years.
• For women 30 and older, Pap tests combined with HPV testing (known as co-testing) are recommended every five years.
• Screening may stop for women over 65 if they're considered low-risk.

Imaging Tests for Gynecological Cancers: Doctors will advise Imaging tests like ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs that can provide detailed views of the pelvic organs to identify potential tumors or abnormalities.

Healthy Diet and Lifestyle: People with obesity are at a higher risk for endometrial cancer.maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle is important.

Genetic Testing: There are many indications for genetic counseling and testing, and women should review their family history with their doctors regularly to understand their own need for this. In general, women with a family history of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer before the age of 50, should perform necessary genetic tests.

Key Tests to Keep in Mind:

Women are encouraged to stay proactive with their health and undergo the recommended screenings based on age, risk factors, and family history.

• Pap Smear (Pap Test): Identifies abnormal cells in the cervix that could indicate pre-cancer or cervical cancer.

• HPV Test: Identifies high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV)connected to cervical cancer.

• Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS): Uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and ovaries, helping to detect uterine or ovarian abnormalities.

• CA-125 Blood Test: Measures the level of CA-125 protein in the blood, which can be elevated in ovarian cancer cases.

• Endometrial Biopsy: Involves removing a small tissue sample from the uterine lining to check for abnormal or cancerous cells.

• Pelvic Examination: Physical examination of the reproductive organs to detect lumps, changes in size, or abnormalities in the uterus, ovaries, and other areas.

• Colposcopy: A follow-up procedure after abnormal Pap results, where the cervix is examined under magnification to detect precancerous changes.

Work Closely with Your Gynaecologist

Your gynecologist is your first port of call when it comes to gynecological cancers. If you're concerned about your gynecological health, talk to them about any family history, abnormal symptoms, and risk factors. Early communication is key for timely diagnosis and proper treatment.